I'll try and explain what has probably happened.
you have found a "cable" with a red and a black connecting to a light switch and assumed it was a live feed. but unfortunately it's not.
In all probability the red is the live feed and the black is the switched live out to feed the existing light.
If you have connected to that thinking it's a live and neutral then you will get exactly what you have.
You need to find a correct live and neutral feed. For lighting circuits wired like this (and there are at least 3 perfectly correct ways of wiring lighting circuits) you will either need to pick up your L&N feed at the light fitting, or it might be at one great big junction box somewhere under a floor board or in the loft.
Probably the best compromise is to have your new light wired with it's switch ready and get a qualified electrician to come and identify a suitable point to feed it from, connect it and test it for you.
It may sound harsh, but sometimes being told "get an electrician in" is the kindest advice, as unfortunately you only have a little understanding of what you are doing and don't have the knowledge or equipment to work out why it does not work as expected. That also probably means you don't have the knowledge to ensure it's safe, even if it happened to work.